ENHANCED IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE THROUGH INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDHOOD CLUSTER DISEASES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Authors

  • Sheh Mureed
  • Ratana Somronghtong
  • Ramesh Kumar
  • Abdul Ghaffar
  • Robert S Chapman

Abstract

Background: Globally immunisation has to be considered as a most effective and efficient public health intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality among children. Most of the children from developing countries are still not fully immunized due to multiple factors including lack of interventions, awareness, and financial constraints and due to limited resource. Conversely, this review has identified the effectiveness of interventions to increase the immunisation coverage among children of developing countries. Methods: Systematic review by using PRISMA statement (“preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses”) has been conducted in English published articles on Pub Med, Scopus, Cochrane, Medline and ISI by searching keywords like immunizations, childhood vaccination and developing countries has been accessed. Only randomised controlled trial and quasi-experimental studies designs were included in the final analysis based on quality assessment by adopting the Down and Black checklist and finally pooled analysis was done by random effect model. This systematic review has been approved and registered by University of York. Results: A total of 16,570 published articles were accessed and finally 10 fulfilled our criteria that were analysed and interpreted. It demonstrated that the interventions has shown significantly increase vaccine coverage for childhood cluster diseases (OR 2.136 and p <0.05).Furthermore, it has been proved that an effect was more prominent for DTP (OR 2.397 and p<0.05) and measles (OR 2.628 and p<0.05), not as much for polio (OR 2.284 and p>0.05) and full vaccination schedule (OR 1.342 and p>0.05). Conclusions: Systematic review has concluded that the professional interventions are an effective while in improving the child immunisation coverage for cluster diseases in developing countries, major effect on DTP and measles.Keywords: Professional interventions, immunizations, child vaccination, cluster diseases, developing countries and systematic review

References

World Health Organization. United Nations Children's Fund. Centre of Disease Control (CDC). Global Routine Vaccination Coverage-2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2013;62(43);858–61.

World Health Organization. United Nations Children's Fund. The World Bank. State of the world's vaccines and Immunization (Third edition). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.

Ozawa S, Stack ML. Public trust and vaccine acceptance-international perspectives. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. 2013;9(8):1774–8.

Rainey JJ, Watkins M, Ryman TK, Sandhu P, Bo A, Banerjee K. Reasons related to non-vaccination and under-vaccination of children in low and middle income countries: Findings from a systematic review of the published literature, 1999-2009. Vaccine. 20116;29(46):8215–21.

Coelho A, Leona C, Ribeiro V, Moreira PSA , Dussault G. 2. Integrated disease management. Acta Med Port 2014;27(1):116–25.

Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJL, editors. The World Bank. Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors. Washington (DC): Word Bank; 2006.

World Health Organization. WHO recommendations for routine immunization - summary tables: The World Health Organization; 2013 [cited 2013 4 October]. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/policy/immunization_tables/en/.

Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52(6):377–84.

Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in medicine. 2002;21(11):1539–58.

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PG. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 2009;6(7):e1000097.

Andersson N, Cockcroft A, Ansari NM, Omer K, Baloch M, Foster AH, et al. Evidence-based discussion increases childhood vaccination uptake: a randomised cluster controlled trial of knowledge translation in Pakistan. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2009;9 Suppl 1;S8.

Bolam A, Manandhar DS, Shrestha P, Ellis M, Costello AM. The effects of postnatal health education for mothers on infant care and family planning practices in Nepal: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 1998;316(7134):805–11.

Brugha RF, Kevany JP. Maximizing immunization coverage through home visits: a controlled trial in an urban area of Ghana. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1996;74(5):517–24.

Lewycka S, Mwansambo C, Rosato M, Kazembe P, Phiri T, Mganga A, et al. Effect of women's groups and volunteer peer counselling on rates of mortality, morbidity, and health behaviours in mothers and children in rural Malawi (MaiMwana): a factorial, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9879):1721–35.

Usman HR, Akhtar S, Habib F, Jehan I. Redesigned immunization card and center-based education to reduce childhood immunization dropouts in urban Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. Vaccine. 2009 Jan 14;27(3):467–72.

Usman HR, Rahbar MH, Kristensen S, Vermund SH, Kirby RS, Habib F, et al. Randomized controlled trial to improve childhood immunization adherence in rural Pakistan: redesigned immunization card and maternal education. Trop Med Int Health. 2011;16(3):334–42.

Abdul Rahman MA, Al-Dabbagh SA, Al-Habeeb QS. Health education and peer leaders' role in improving low vaccination coverage in Akre district, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(2):125–9.

Briere EC, Ryman TK, Cartwright E, Russo ET, Wannemuehler KA, Nygren BL, et al. Impact of integration of hygiene kit distribution with routine immunizations on infant vaccine coverage and water treatment and handwashing practices of Kenyan mothers. J Infec Dis 2012;205 Suppl 1:S56-64.

Tandon BN, Gandhi N. Immunization coverage in India for areas served by the Integrated Child Development Services programme. Bull World Health Organ. 1992;70(4):461–5.

Weiss W, Rahman MH, Solomon R, Singh V, Ward D. Outcomes of polio eradication activities in Uttar Pradesh, India: the Social Mobilization Network (SM Net) and Core Group Polio Project (CGPP). BMC infectious diseases. 2010;11(117);1–11.

Oyo-Ita A, Nwachukwu CE, Oringanje C, Meremikwu MM. Interventions for improving coverage of child immunization in low- and middle-income countries. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2011;(7):CD008145.

Wiggins N. Popular education for health promotion and community empowerment: a review of the literature. Health promotion international. 2012;27(3):356–71.

Downloads

Published

2015-03-01

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>