ROLE OF PHYTOESTROGEN IN SUPPRESSING BONE TURNOVER IN A GROUP OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis has emerged a major health hazard in postmenopausal women. Theprocess of osteoporosis accelerates two year prior to menopause, reaching the peak level during first
3 years of menopause when women loss 3-5% of their bone mass per year. This study tried to find
out the role of phytoestrogne in improving the bone mineral density and bone related biochemical
parameters in group of postmenopausal women. Methods: Fifty postmenopausal women with age
range 50-60 years were included in the study. Phytoestrogen with mineral supplement were given
twice daily for 3 months. Biochemical parameters like serum calcium, magnesium, alkaline
phosphatase, uric acid, total protein and oestrogen were determined before and after phytoestrogen
therapy by autoanalyser and ELIZA (oestrogen assay). T-score before and after phytoestrogen were
find out by densitometer DEXA. Results: The level of serum calcium, magnesium, uric acid and
oestrogen was increased in women after taking phytoestrogen but significant difference (p<0.01) was
only observed in case of serum calcium. Level of serum alkaline phosphatase and total serum protein
were slightly increased with no significant different before and after phytoestrogen therapy. Value of
T-score was although markedly decreased after phytoestrogen therapy but it showed no significant
difference. Conclusion: It is concluded that as the early years of menopause are a period of rapid
bone loss, and the risk for osteoporosis increases substantially, the habitual intake of soy protein and
isoflavones may play a role in the retardation of bone loss.
Keywords: Osteoporosis, Phytoestrogen, Postmenopausal status
References
NIH consensus development panel on osteoporosis prevention,
diagnosis and therapy. South Med J 2001;94:569-73.
Sowers MF, Galuska, DA. Epidemiology of bone mass in
premenopausal women. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:374-98.
Raisz L. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and
prospects. J Clin Invest 2005;115:3318-25.
Crans GG, Silverman SL, Genant HK, Glass EV, Krege JH.
Association of severe vertebral fractures with reduced quality
of life. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:4028-34.
Baig L, Mansuri FA, Karim SA. Association of menopause
with osteopenia and osteoporosis results from population based
study done in Karachi. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak
;19:240-4.
El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Osteoporosis: an overview of practice
guidelines for bone density measurements and osteoporosis
treatment strategies. Leb Med J 1999;47:221-8.
Khan AA, Syed Z. Bone densitometry in premenopausal women:
synthesis and review. J Clin Densitom 2004;7(1):85-92.
Mann GB, Kang YC, Brand C, Ebeling PR, Miller JA.
Secondary causes of low bone mass in patients with breast
cancer: a need for greater vigilance. J Clin
Oncol 2009;18(4):85-9.
Vatanparast H, Chilibeck PD. Does the effect of soy
phytoestrogens on bone in postmenopausal women depend on the
equol-producing phenotype? Nutr Rev 2007;65(6 Pt-1):294-9.
Ho SC, Chan AS, Ho YP, So EK, Sham A, Zee B, Woo JL.
Effects of soy isoflavone supplementation on cognitive function
in Chinese postmenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized,
controlled trial. Menopause 2007;14(3 Pt 1):489-99.
Bacciottini L, Falchetti A, Pampaloni B, Bartolini E, Carossino
AM, Brandi ML. Phytoestrogens: food or drug? Clin Cases
Miner Bone Metab 2007;4(2):123-30.
Wuttke W, Jarry H, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Isoflavones--safe food
additives or dangerous drugs? Ageing Res Rev 2007;6(2):150-88.
Drews K, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Puk E, KalubaSkotarczak A, Malec M, Kazikowska A. The safety and
tolerance of isoflavones (Soyfem) administration in
postmenopausal women. Ginekol Pol 2007;78:361-5.
Button BJ and Patel N. Phytoestrogens for Osteoporosis. Clin
Rev Bone Mineral Metab 2004;2:341-56.
Gris MartÃnez JM. Isoflavones in menopause women. Med
Clin (Barc) 2006;127:352-6.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010;22(3)
http://www.ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/PAST/22-3/Asma.pdf
Sehmisch S, Erren M, Kolios L, Tezval M, Seidlova-Wuttke D,
Wuttke W, et al. Effects of isoflavones equol and genistein on
bone quality in a rat osteopenia model. Phytother Res
;24(Suppl 2):S168-74.
Dong J, Huang ZW, Piao JH, Li F, Zeng J, Gong J, Yang XG.
Relationship between estrogen receptor gene Px haplotype and
the effect of calcium and soy isoflavone supplementation on
bone mineral density of Chinese postmenopausal women.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2008;42:329-34.
Heaney RP, Recker RR, Watson P, Lappe JM Phosphate and
carbonate salts of calcium support robust bone building in
osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:101-5.
Wilkin TJ. Changing perceptions in osteoporosis. BMJ
;318:862-4.
Black DM, Steinbuch M, Palermo L, Dargent-Molina P,
Lindsay R, Hoseyni MS, et al. An Assessment Tool for
Predicting Risk in Postmenopausal Women. Osteoporos Int
;12:519-28.
Ye YB, Tang XY, Verbruggen MA, Su YX. Soy isoflavones
attenuate bone loss in early postmenopausal Chinese women: a
single-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr
;45:327-34.
Fragakis AS. The Health Professional's Guide to Popular
Dietary Supplements. 2nd edition. Chicago IL: American
Dietetic Association; 2003.
Arjmandi BH, Getunger MJ, Goyal NV, Alekel L, Hasler CM,
Juna S, et al. The role of soy protein with normal or reduced
isoflavones content in reversing ovarian hormone deficiency
induced bone loss in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1358S-63S.
Aydin H, Deyneli O, Yavuz D, Gözü H, Mutlu N, Kaygusuz I,
Akalin S. Short-term oral magnesium supplementation
suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic
women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010;133:136-43.
Guo K, Zhang B, Chen C, Uchiyama S, Ueno T, Chen Y, Su
Y. Daidzein-metabolising phenotypes in relation to serum
lipids and uric acid in adults in Guangzhou, China. Br J Nutr
;04:118-24.
Pacifici R. Estrogen, cytokines, and pathogenesis of
postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Mineral Res
;11:1043-51.
Knight DC, Eden JA. A review of the clinical effects of
phytoestrogens. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:897-904.
Albertazzi P, Purdie DW. The nature and utility of the
phytoestrogens, a review of the evidence. Maturitas
;42:173-85.
Brzezinski A, Debi A. Phytoestrogens, the natural selective
estrogen receptor modulators? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod
Biol 1999;85:47-51.
Gruber CJ, Tschugguel W, Schneeberger C, Huber JC.
Production and action of estrogens. N Engl J Med
;346:340-52.
Mihalache G, Mihalache GD, Indrei LL, Indrei A, Hegsted M.
Phytoestrogens role in bone functional structure protection in
the ovariectomized rat. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi
;106:89-92.
Wober J, Weisswange I, Vollmer G. Stimulation of alkaline
phosphatase activity in Ishikawa cells induced by various
phytoestrogens and synthetic estrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol
Biol 2002;83(1-5):227-33.
Bolli A, Marino M, Rimbach G, Fanali G, Fasano M, Ascenzi
P. Flavonoid binding to human serum albumin. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 2010;398:444-9.
Henriksen K, Tanko LB, Qvist P, Delmas PD, Christiansen C,
Karsdal MA. Assessment of osteoclast number and function:
application in the development of new and improved treatment
modalities for bone diseases. Osteoporos Int 2007;18:681-5.
Choi EM, Suh KS, Kim YS, Choue RW, Koo SJ. Soybean
ethanol extarc increases the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1
cells. Phytochemistry 2001;56:733-9.
Sugimoto T, Nishiyama K, Kuribayashi F, Chihara K. Serum
levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, IGFbinding protein
(IGFBP)-2, and IGFBP-3 in osteoporotic patients with and
without spinal fractures. J Bone Mineral Res 1997;12:1272-6.
Hsu CS, Shen WW, Hsueh YM, Yeh SL. Soy iso.avone
supplemention in postmenopausal women. Effects on plasma
lipids, antioxidant enzyme activities and bone density. J Reprod
Med 2001;46:221-6.
Benlhabib E, Baker JI, Keyler DE, Singh AK. Composition,
red blood cell uptake, and serum protein binding of
phytoestrogens extracted from commercial kudzu-root and soy
preparations. J Med Food 2002;5(3):109-23.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.
