Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with leucocytosis
Abstract
Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a high-grade tumour with poor prognosis. Most of the cases are easily diagnosed on cytology and some of these are associated with increased neutrophils in cytology specimen as well as in the blood. The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of neutrophilia with fever in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Pathology Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad as well as in association with Advance lab Abbottabad. All the cases diagnosed as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma on cytology were included, histopathological examination was done only in 5 cases. The duration of study was from October 2016 to October 2019 were included in the study. Results: Out of 150 cases of thyroid cytology 09 were diagnosed as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. The mean age of patients was 65.7±6.96. Gender distribution was 5/9 (55.6%) males and 4/9 (44.4%) were females. Out of which 05 were confirmed on histopathology 3 patients died within a month and 1 patient refused a biopsy. All of these cases were associated with an increased number of neutrophils on cytology and WBC count is 04 cases showed leucocytosis. All of them presented with rapidly growing mass in long-standing goitre with a median duration of 2 months. Weight loss was seen in 4/9 (44.44%), 3/9 (33.33%) presented with hoarseness of voice while only 1/9 (11.1%) patient presented with superior vena caval syndrome. Conclusion: In long-standing goitre rapid increase in size with fever and leucocytosis are suggestive of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma which should be investigated promptly. Keywords: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; leucocytosis; GoitreReferences
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics,2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67 (1):7-30.doi: 10.3322/caac.21387.
: Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†
: Garmpis N, Damaskos C, Garmpi A, Liakea A, Mantas D. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Rare Entity Presented Clinically Only with Fever and Elevated CRP. Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania: 1990). 2019;114(5):659-63.
Smallridge RC, Ain KB, Asa SL, Bible KC, Brierley JD, Burman KD,etal. American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid.2012 Nov 1;22(11):1104-39.
: Tiedje V, Stuschke M, Weber F, Dralle H, Moss L, Führer D. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: review of treatment protocols. Endocrine-related cancer. 2018 Mar 1;25(3):R153-61.
: Ranganath R, Shah MA, Shah AR. Anaplastic thyroid cancer. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 2015 Oct 1;22(5):387-91.
: O'Neill JP, Shaha AR. Anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oral Oncol. 2013 Jul;49(7):702-6.
Haddad RI, Lydiatt WM, Ball DW, Busaidy NL, Byrd D, Callender G, et al. 2015 Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,version 2.2015. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 13 1140-50.
: Limaiem F, Giwa AO. Cancer, Anaplastic Thyroid. [Updated 2019 Nov 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538179/
: Hirokawa M, Sugitani I, Kakudo K, Sakamoto A, Higashiyama T, Sugino K, Toda K, Ogasawara S, Yoshimoto S, Hasegawa Y, Imai T. Histopathological analysis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cases with long-term survival: a report from the Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Research Consortium of Japan. Endocrine journal. 2016;63(5):441-7.
: Baloch Z.W., LiVolsi V.A. (2016) Pathology of Anaplastic Carcinoma. In: Wartofsky L., Van Nostrand D. (eds) Thyroid Cancer. Springer, New York NY
: Keutgen XM, Sadowski SM, Kebebew E. Management of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Gland surgery. 2015 Feb;4(1):44:
: Haymart MR, Banerjee M, Yin H, Worden F and Griggs JJ 2013 Marginal treatment benefit in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer 119: 3133-39. (https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28187)
: Wendler J, Kroiss M, Gast K, Kreissl MC, Allelein S, Lichtenauer U, et al. 2016 Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: results of a muticenter study in Germany. European Journal of Endocrinology 175;521-29.
: Perros P, Boelaert K, Colley S, Evans C, Evans RM, Gerrard Ba G, et al. 2014 Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clinical Endocrinology 81 (Supplement 1) 1-122. (https;//doi.org/10.1111/cen.12515)
: Huang NS, Shi X, Lei BW, Wei WJ, Lu ZW, Yu PC, Wang Y, Ji QH, Wang YL. An update of the appropriate treatment strategies in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a population-based study of 735 patients. International journal of endocrinology. 2019;2019.
: Chapter 73 Thyroid-Differentiated and Anaplastic Carcinoma, in the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition (2017) published by Springer International Publishing.
: Baloch Z, LiVolsi VA, Tondon R. Aggressive variants of follicular cell derived thyroid carcinoma; the so called ‘real thyroid carcinomas’. Journal of clinical pathology. 2013 Sep 1;66(9):733-43.
: Ragazzi M, Ciarrocchi A, Sancisi V, Gandolfi G, Bisagni A, Piana S. Update on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: morphological, molecular, and genetic features of the most aggressive thyroid cancer. International journal of endocrinology. 2014;2014.
: Kasuga I, Makino S, Kiyokawa H, Katoh H, Ebihara Y, Ohyashiki K. Tumor‐related leukocytosis is linked with poor prognosis in patients with lung carcinoma. Cancer. 2001 Nov 1;92(9):2399-405.
: Saitoh J, Shirai K, Musha A, Mizukami T, Abe T. A Case of Thyroid Anaplastic Carcinoma Presenting Marked Neutrophilia and Eosinophilia due to Co-Production of GM-CSF, M-CSF and IL-6. Int J Radiol Radiat Ther. 2017;3(2):00055.
: Tomisawa Y, Ogasawara S, Kojika M, Hoshikawa K, Nishizuka S. Association between granulocyte colonies stimulating factor (G-CSF) production and leukocytosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid Disord Ther. 2013;2:2.
: Sato T, Omura M, Saito J, Hirasawa A, Kakuta Y, Wakabayashi Y, Nishikawa T. Neutrophilia Associated with Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Production of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) and lnterleukin-6. Thyroid. 2000 Dec;10(12):1113-8.
: Tomoaki Sabusawa, Yoshiya Ishida, Yasuaki Harabuchi, Sabusawa T, Ishida Y, Harabuchi Y. A Case of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma with Marked Leukocytosis. Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica. Suppl.. 2017;148:74-5.
: Murabe H, Akamizu T, Kubota A, Kusaka S. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with prominent cardiac metastasis, accompanied by a marked leukocytosis with a neutrophilia and high GM-CSF level in serum. Internal Medicine. 1992;31(9):1107-11.
: Shiraishi J, Koyama H, Seki M, Hatayama M, Naka M, Kurajoh M, Okazaki H, Shoji T, Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Tsuchida Y. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma accompanied by uncontrollable eosinophilia. Internal medicine. 2015;54(6):611-6.
: Chang TC, Liaw KY, Kuo SH, Chang CC, Chen FW. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: review of 24 cases, with emphasis on cytodiagnosis and leukocytosis. Taiwan yi xue hui za zhi. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 1989 Jun;88(6):551-6.
: Haddad RI, Lydiatt WM, Ball DW, Busaidy NL, Byrd D, Callender G, et al. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, version 2.2015. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2015 Sep 1;13(9): 1140-50.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.